The United Nations' top court on Wednesday rejected large parts of a case filed by Ukraine alleging that Russia bankrolled separatist rebels in the country's east a decade ago and has discriminated against Crimea's multiethnic community since its annexation of the peninsula.
The International Court of Justice ruled that Moscow violated articles of two treaties 鈥 one on terrorism financing and another on eradicating racial discrimination 鈥 but it rejected far more of Kyiv's claims under the treaties.
It rejected Ukraine鈥檚 request for Moscow to pay reparations for attacks in eastern Ukraine blamed on pro-Russia Ukrainian rebels, including the July 17, 2014, downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 that killed all 298 passengers and crew.
In another rebuke for Moscow, the world court also ruled that Russia had violated one of the court's orders by launching its full-scale invasion in Ukraine nearly two years ago.
The legally binding final ruling was the first of two expected decisions from the International Court of Justice linked to the decade-long conflict between Russia and Ukraine that exploded into all-out war almost two years ago.
Russia-backed rebels shot down the plane on July 17, 2014, killing all 298 passengers and crew. Russia denies involvement. A Dutch domestic court convicted two Russians and a pro-Moscow Ukrainian in November 2022 for their roles in the attack and sentenced them in their absence to life imprisonment. The Netherlands and Ukraine also have sued Russia at the European Court of Human Rights over MH17.
At hearings last year, a lawyer for Ukraine, David Zionts, said the pro-Russia forces in eastern Ukraine 鈥渁ttacked civilians as part of a campaign of intimidation and terror. Russian money and weapons fueled this campaign.鈥
The court, however, ruled that sending arms and other equipment didn't constitute terrorism funding according to the 1999 treaty.
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鈥淭he alleged supply of weapons to various armed groups operating in Ukraine and the alleged organization of training for members of those groups fall outside the material scope鈥 of the treaty, the court's president Joan E. Donoghue.
Another lawyer for Ukraine, Harold Koh, said during last year's hearings that in the Crimean Peninsula, Russia 鈥渟ought to replace the multiethnic community that had characterized Crimea before Russia鈥檚 intervention with discriminatory Russian nationalism.鈥
Lawyers for Russia urged the world court to throw out the case, arguing that the actions of pro-Moscow rebels in eastern Ukraine did not amount to terrorism.
The court found that Russia failed to investigate allegations by Ukraine of alleged terrorist acts, but rejected all other claims by Kyiv of breaches of the Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism.
It also ruled that Moscow breached the Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination by limiting school education in the Ukrainian language and by maintaining a ban on a Tartar representative assembly called the Mejlis.
The court is scheduled to rule Friday on Russia's objections to its jurisdiction in another case filed by Ukraine shortly after Russian troops invaded on Feb. 24, 2022. It alleges that Moscow launched its attack based on trumped-up genocide allegations. The court already has issued an interim order for Russia to halt the invasion, which Moscow has flouted.
The International Court of Justice in recent weeks also heard a case brought by South Africa accusing Israel of committing genocide in Gaza. Judges issued provisional measures last week calling on Israel to do all it can to prevent death, destruction and any acts of genocide in the conflict.
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