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    • Coffee could be more than a morning pick-me-up, according to new research

    A cup from Neighbourly Coffee in Fredericton. (Source: Laura Brown/麻豆影视 Atlantic) A cup from Neighbourly Coffee in Fredericton. (Source: Laura Brown/麻豆影视 Atlantic)
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    A morning cup of coffee may do more than just perk you up, according to new research.

    Moderate amounts of caffeine intake 鈥 defined as about three cups of coffee or tea a day 鈥 were associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity, said the study鈥檚 lead author, Dr. Chaofu Ke, associate professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at Soochow University in Suzhou, China.

    Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, or CM, is the coexistence of at least two cardiometabolic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.

    鈥淐offee and caffeine consumption may play an important protective role in almost all phases of CM development,鈥 Ke said.

    Researchers analyzed data from about 180,000 people in the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database and research resource that follows people long-term. Those involved did not have cardiometabolic diseases at the outset.

    The information included the participants鈥 self-reported caffeine consumption through coffee or black or greentea and the cardiometabolic diseases they developed through their primary care data, hospital records and death certificates, according to the study published Tuesday in the Endocrine Society鈥檚 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

    Moderate caffeine consumers had a reduced risk of new onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity. The risk was reduced by 48.1 per cent if they had three cups a day, or 40.7 per cent if they had 200 to 300 milligrams of caffeine daily, compared with people who didn鈥檛 drink or drank less than one cup, Ke said.

    The study had a large sample size and used multiple biomarkers to support the findings, making it a strong look at how caffeine affects heart health, said Dr. Gregory Marcus, associate chief of cardiology for research and professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He was not involved in the research.

    鈥淭hese observations add to the growing body of evidence that caffeine, and commonly consumed natural substances that contain caffeine such as tea and coffee, may enhance cardiovascular health,鈥 Marcus said in an email.

    What researchers don鈥檛 know

    The methodology is strong and the results line up with existing data about caffeine and heart health, but there are still questions about the extent of the connection between caffeine and heart health, Marcus said.

    鈥淚t is important to emphasize that, while these data suggest a relationship between caffeine, tea, and coffee and a reduced risk of a combination of cardiovascular diseases, we need to be careful before we infer true causal effects,鈥 Marcus said.

    Because the study is observational, it can only show a connection between caffeine and heart health, he said. Other factors may actually be the cause of the improved heart health, he added.

    鈥淚t remains possible that the apparent protective effects do not truly exist at all and that the positive associations are all explained by some as yet unknown or unmeasured true determining factor,鈥 Marcus added.

    鈥淔or example, perhaps those more likely to consume these substances also tend to have a healthier diet or to be more physically active.鈥

    The study also didn鈥檛 take into consideration the impact of caffeine from carbonated beverages or energy drinks, meaning that researchers can鈥檛 say whether those substances would also have a positive effect, Ke said.

    Should you start drinking coffee?

    Plenty of literature shows a benefit from caffeine consumption.

    Several studies have suggested a lower risk of diabetes, Marcus said. And contrary to popular wisdom, drinking caffeine in coffee is associated with experiencing a lower risk of abnormal heart rhythms, he added, pointing to his and others鈥 research.

    But much of that research is observational, and one study showed a mixed result, with more caffeine linked to additional daily step counts but less sleep, Marcus said.

    Although the new study should provide comfort to those who already have a coffee or tea habit, it isn鈥檛 necessarily a sign to start a regular caffeine routine, Marcus said.

    鈥淚t is also important to mention that more is not necessarily better,鈥 he said.

    鈥淓ven if caffeine, coffee, and tea in the amounts described in this study 鈥 are indeed healthy, there is also strong evidence that high-dose caffeine, particularly when included in artificial concoctions like energy drinks, may actually cause harmful and even dangerous heart rhythm problems.鈥

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