A new Missouri law outlawing books with sexually explicit images from school libraries is about to take effect.
Starting Sunday, it will be a misdemeanour punishable by up to a year in jail or a $2,000 fine for librarians and other educators to give students access to such material.
The law does not apply to written descriptions of sex or sexual acts; only photos, drawings, videos and other visual depictions are prohibited.
as images "showing human masturbation, deviate sexual intercourse," "sexual intercourse, direct physical stimulation of genitals, sado-masochistic abuse," or showing human genitals.
There are exceptions for anatomy, biology, sex education, art and other images considered educational.
Melissa Corey, the president of the Missouri Association of School Librarians, said the law likely will only apply to certain comic books and graphic novels, which are longer comic books.
Republican state Sen. Rick Brattin spearheaded the legislation by tacking it on to another bill aimed at protecting sexual assault victims' rights. He initially proposed a more expansive ban that would have prohibited written descriptions of sexual acts, but that was scaled back during closed-door negotiations.
"When you go read the definition of what is outlawed – literal sex acts, graphic human masturbation – these are things that are within the definition, and people are finding this controversial that it should be before kids," Brattin said. "I'm really blown away by how controversial this has turned."
Democratic state Sen. Barbara Washington said Democrats tried to limit the scope of the law to save books such as Nobel laureate Toni Morrison's debut novel "The Bluest Eye," which is not banned under the new law.
"We have works of art and books of literature that may have things that may be offensive to some, but taken as a whole would not necessarily be offensive," Washington said.
Brattin cited "Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic" as a book he wants to see removed from schools under the new law. The graphic memoir is about author Alison Bechdel's fraught relationship with her late father and includes drawn depictions of masturbation and oral sex.
Corey said it's unclear which books, if any, will be pulled from Missouri school libraries. Those decisions are made at the school district level, and she said schools have policies that outline the formal process for reviewing which books students can access.
Corey said the association advised librarians to work with local school boards to best follow the law, particularly the exceptions for art and biology.
"It ultimately is up to how the school board is going to interpret the bill upon legal counsel," she said.
Librarians follow district-specific policies in deciding which books to offer Missouri students, Corey said. She said books are approved for different grade levels based on what teachers deem is age-appropriate, meaning high school students and kindergartners do not have access to the same literature.
Corey said Missouri librarians want representation in literature and for students "to see themselves reflected in books."
She cautioned against going too far in limiting what material students can access.
"When you are looking at challenging or reviewing a book it really becomes a very slippery slope," Corey said. "That is something that we really need to think about."
The issue likely will resurface in the upcoming legislative session, which begins in January. Brattin said written descriptions of sexual acts are some Republicans' next target.
"School districts definitely need to be on notice that that's going to be the next attempt," Brattin said. "A lot of this material is literary."
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