LE BOURGET, France -- Pushing for a powerful climate deal, President Barack Obama called the global talks opening Monday outside Paris an "act of defiance" against terrorism that proves the world stands undeterred by Islamic State-linked attacks in Europe and beyond.
Obama used his speech to more than 150 world leaders to salute Paris and its people for "insisting this crucial conference go on" just two weeks after attacks that killed 130 in the French capital. He said leaders had converged to show resolve to fight terrorism and uphold their values at the same time.
"What greater rejection of those who would tear down our world than marshalling our best efforts to save it," Obama said.
Obama's remarks came at the start of two weeks of make-or-break negotiations to finalize a sweeping global agreement to cut carbon emissions and hopefully stave off the worst effects of climate change. Obama exhorted leaders here to fight the enemy of cynicism -- "the notion we can't do anything" about the warming of the planet.
After sketching dire threats of submerged nations, abandoned cities and ever-worsening flooding and natural disasters, Obama insisted that grim future "is one that we have the power to change." He urged leaders to "rise to this moment," invoking the late Martin Luther King Jr.'s observation that there's such a thing as being too late to a cause.
"That hour is almost upon us," Obama said.
Efforts to secure a climate deal have been hampered by a long-running dispute about whether developing nations share the same burden as industrialized nations that have historically polluted much more. The U.S. and other nations have insisted that all countries chip in under the new agreement.
Aiming to put a finer point on that argument, Obama met Monday with President Xi Jinping of China, which has started taking aggressive action to curb emissions, and with India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has argued repeatedly that climate change isn't India's fault.
As he sat down with Modi, Obama said he agreed that India has the right to pursue economic development and fight poverty, but said those priorities must also reflect "serious and ambitious action by all nations" to curb its carbon pollution. Modi pledged that India will fulfil its climate responsibilities in full, declaring that "development and protection of the environment go hand in hand."
In his meeting with Xi, Obama said nowhere had co-ordination with Beijing been more critical or fruitful than on climate change. He credited U.S. and Chinese leadership with leading 180 nations to make their own pledges to curb emissions in the run-up to the Paris talks.
"Our leadership on this issue has been absolutely vital," Obama said. China emits about 30 per cent of the world's greenhouse gases and the U.S. about 16 per cent.
Yet Obama also invoked hot-button issues that have long vexed U.S.-China relations. The United States has complained bitterly about cyberattacks against the U.S. emanating from China, and Obama has spoken out regularly against China's assertive moves in disputed waters in the East China Sea and South China Sea.
"Our teams have found ways to work through these tensions in a constructive fashion," Obama said.
After their meeting, the White House said Obama had urged China to live up to commitments on cyber that Xi made when he visited the White House in September, and that Obama had "stressed the need to address regional issues, including maritime differences, peacefully and in accordance with international law." Obama also encouraged Xi to move ahead with economic reforms that would let U.S. companies "compete fairly in the Chinese market," the White House said.
Xi, speaking through a translator, said that global worries made it even more important for the U.S. and China to work together.
"The world economy is recovering slowly, terrorism is on the rise, and climate change is a huge challenge. There is more instability and uncertainty in international situations," said the Chinese leader.
As the conference kicked off, the Obama administration announced it was pledging $51 million to a global fund to help poorer countries adapt to climate change. The U.S. contribution joins pledges from Germany, Canada, Italy and others to total $248 million.
The Obama administration didn't specify where the U.S. dollars would come from. Obama has struggled to convince the Republican-run Congress to fund his climate goals, amid concerns from critics in the U.S. who say his energy plan is unattainable and could be wiped away by his successor.
Obama also said the U.S. would participate in a new private-sector partnership aimed at boosting investment in clean energy technology. Announcing the initiative on stage with Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, one of the backers of deal, Obama said new, cheaper technologies would be critical to helping poorer nations "skip the dirty phase of development."
"That's why the private sector -- from inventors to investors -- will have a seat at the table," Obama said.
During his brief trip to Paris, Obama also planned a dinner with French President Francois Hollande and a meeting with island nations hit hard by climate change before returning to Washington on Tuesday.
Associated Press writer Josh Lederman in Washington contributed to this report.
