Israeli lawmakers passed two laws on Monday that could threaten the work of the main UN agency providing aid to people in Gaza by barring it from operating on Israeli soil, severing ties with it.
The laws, which do not immediately take effect, signal a new low for a long-troubled relationship between Israel and the UN Israel's international allies said they were deeply worried about their potential impact on Palestinians as the Gaza war's humanitarian toll worsens.
Under the first law, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees, or UNRWA, would be banned from conducting "any activity" or providing any service inside Israel. The second law would sever Israel's diplomatic ties with the agency.
The laws risk collapsing the already fragile process for distributing aid in Gaza at a moment when Israel is under increased U.S. pressure to ramp up aid. UNRWA's chief called them "a dangerous precedent."
Israel has alleged that some of UNRWA's thousands of staff members participated in the Hamas attacks last year that sparked the war in Gaza. It also has said hundreds of UNRWA staff have militant ties and that it has found Hamas military assets in or under the agency's facilities.
The agency fired nine employees after an investigation but denied it knowingly aids armed groups and said it acts quickly to purge any suspected militants from its ranks. Some of Israel's allegations prompted major international donors to cut funding to the agency, although some of it has been restored.
Israel has at times during the war raided or attacked UNRWA schools or other facilities, saying militants were operating there. UNRWA says more than 200 of its employees have been killed during the war.
"The law that we passed now is not just another bill. It is a call for justice and a wake up call," said lawmaker Boaz Bismuth, who co-sponsored one of the bills. "UNRWA is not an aid agency for refugees. It is an aid agency for Hamas."
The head of UNRWA, Philippe Lazzarini, said the new laws were part of an "ongoing campaign to discredit UNRWA."
"These bills will only deepen the suffering of Palestinians, especially in Gaza," he said on the social platform X.
The first vote passed 92-10 and followed a fiery debate between supporters of the law and its opponents, mostly members of Arab parliamentary parties. The second law was approved 87-9.
An English language account on X for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel was ready to work with international partners to ensure it "continues to facilitate humanitarian aid to civilians in Gaza." The post did not say how, and it was not clear how the flow of aid would be affected once these bills take effect.
Together, the laws would effectively sever ties with the UN agency, strip it of legal immunities and restrict its ability to support Palestinians in east Jerusalem and the West Bank. The legislation does not provide for alternative organizations to oversee its work.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said UNRWA would be prevented from doing UN General Assembly-mandated work if the laws are implemented. "There is no alternative to UNRWA," he said in a statement issued Monday night.
Guterres called on Israel "to act consistently with its obligations" under the UN Charter and international law, as well as the privileges and immunities of the United Nations. "National legislation cannot alter those obligations," Guterres stressed in a statement.
Israel's Defense Minister Yoav Gallant speaks during a ceremony marking the Hebrew calendar anniversary of the Hamas attack on Oct. 7 last year that sparked the ongoing war in Gaza, at the Mount Herzl military cemetery in Jerusalem, Israel, Oct. 27, 2024. (Gil Cohen-Magen/Pool Photo via AP)
The changes could be a serious blow to Palestinians in Gaza. More than 1.9 million Palestinians are displaced from their homes, and Gaza faces widespread shortages of food, water and medicine.
International aid groups and a handful of Israel's Western allies, including the U.S., have voiced strong opposition.
U.S. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller, speaking to reporters in Washington before the votes, said the administration was "deeply concerned" by the legislation. "There's nobody that can replace them right now in the middle of the crisis," he said.
UNRWA provides education, health care and other basic services to millions of Palestinian refugees across the region, including in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.
The laws would go into effect 60 to 90 days after Israel's Foreign Ministry notifies the UN, according to the spokesperson of lawmaker Dan Illouz, one of the co-sponsors of one of the laws.
The death toll from more than a year of fighting has passed 43,000, officials in Gaza reported Monday. The Palestinian Health Ministry's count does not distinguish between civilians and combatants but says more than half of the dead are women and children.
The rising death toll comes as Israel refocuses its offensive on Gaza's hard-hit north, including on a hospital from where the military says militants were operating.
Israeli forces raided Kamal Adwan Hospital on Friday. An Israeli military official, speaking Monday on condition of anonymity in keeping with regulations, said there was heavy fighting around the hospital, though not inside it, and that weapons were found inside the facility. The military said Monday the raid had ended.
Israel has raided several hospitals in Gaza over the course of the yearlong war, saying Hamas and other militants use them for military purposes. Palestinian medical officials deny those allegations and accuse the military of recklessly endangering civilians.
The Israeli military said it detained 100 suspected Hamas militants in the latest raid. The Israeli official said medical staff were detained and searched because some of the militants had disguised themselves as medics.
The World Health Organization accused Israel of detaining 44 male hospital staff. It was not immediately clear why there was a discrepancy in the figures. Palestinian medical officials said the hospital, which was treating some 200 patients, was heavily damaged in the raid.
The Israeli military has called on Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza, where it has been waging a large offensive for more than three weeks. The official said the operation in the northern Gaza city of Jabaliya would last "several more weeks."
The UN said earlier this month at least 400,000 people are in northern Gaza, an area that was an early target of Israel's retaliatory war. Hunger there is rampant as the amount of humanitarian aid reaching the north has plummeted over the past month.
The Israel-Hamas war began after militants from Hamas and other groups stormed into Israel, killing some 1,200 people -- mostly civilians -- and abducting 250 others. The war has roiled the Middle East, setting off fighting between Israel and Hezbollah as well as between Israel and Iran, archenemies who had long kept their conflict a shadow war but are now engaging in open fighting.
After collapsing in late summer, international mediators were trying to jump-start ceasefire efforts between Israel and Hamas. Israel said it would continue discussions on a halt in fighting after the head of the Mossad agency, David Barnea, returned from a meeting in Qatar with the head of the CIA, David Burns, and the Qatari prime minister.
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi has suggested a two-day ceasefire in exchange for the release of four hostages. Israel appeared responsive to the idea.
One Israeli official said Israel was discussing the proposal both internally and with Egyptian officials. A second official said Netanyahu expressed enthusiasm for the proposal in a meeting with his Likud party on Monday.
Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss internal deliberations.
Hamas has yet to formally respond to the plan and Hamas officials were not reachable for comment on Monday.
------
Magdy reported from Cairo. Associated Press writers Matthew Lee in Washington, Michelle Chapman in New York, and Julia Frankel and Tia Goldenberg in Jerusalem, contributed to this report.
This version has corrected that the agency was not designated a terror organization.
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