JERUSALEM -- The International Criminal Court's chief prosecutor on Wednesday launched an investigation into alleged crimes in the Palestinian territories, turning the tribunal's focus toward Israeli military actions and settlement construction on lands captured in the 1967 Mideast war.
The decision dealt an embarrassing blow to the Israeli government, which had conducted an aggressive public relations and behind-the-scenes diplomatic campaign to block the investigation. It also raised the possibility of arrest warrants being issued against Israeli officials suspected of war crimes, making it potentially risky to travel abroad.
鈥淭he state of Israel is under attack this evening,鈥� Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a videotaped statement. 鈥淭he biased international court in the Hague made a decision that is the essence of anti-Semitism and hypocrisy.鈥�
鈥淚 promise you we will fight for the truth until we annul this scandalous decision,鈥� he said.
The decision by Fatou Bensouda, the court's outgoing prosecutor, had been expected since the court determined last month that she had jurisdiction over the case. A preliminary probe by Bensouda in 2019 had found a 鈥渞easonable basis鈥� to open a war crimes case.
In a statement, Bensouda said the investigation will look into 鈥渃rimes within the jurisdiction of the court that are alleged to have been committed鈥� since June 13, 2014. She said the investigation will be conducted 鈥渋ndependently, impartially and objectively, without fear or favour.鈥� That task will now be handed to Karim Khan, the British lawyer who is set to become the court's chief prosecutor in June.
Wednesday's decision turns the court's focus toward two key Israeli policies of recent years: its repeated military operations against Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip, highlighted by a devastating 2014 war, and its expansion of Jewish settlements in east Jerusalem and the occupied West Bank. Experts say that Israel could be especially vulnerable to prosecution for its settlement policies.
Although the Palestinians do not have an independent state, they were granted nonmember observer status in the U.N. General Assembly in 2012, allowing them to join international organizations like the ICC. Since joining the court in 2015, they have pushed for a war crimes probe against Israel. Israel, which is not a member of the court, had said it does not have jurisdiction because Palestine is not a sovereign state.
The Palestinian Authority, which administers autonomous areas in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, welcomed Wednesday's move.
鈥淭his long-awaited step serves Palestine's vigorous effort to achieve justice and accountability as indispensable bases for peace,鈥� the Palestinian Foreign Ministry said.
The Palestinians chose June 2014 as the start of the investigation to coincide with the run-up to Israel's devastating Gaza war that summer.
In the fighting, over 2,200 Palestinians, including nearly 1,500 civilians, were killed by Israeli fire, according to U.N. estimates. At least 67 soldiers and six civilians were killed on the Israeli side, according to Israeli figures.
Israel has argued that it waged a war of self-defence against nonstop rocket fire against its cities. It blames Gaza's Islamic militant Hamas rulers for the high civilian death toll because the group launched attacks from residential areas, drawing Israeli retaliation.
Bensouda has also said her probe would look into the actions of Hamas, which fired rockets indiscriminately into Israel during the 2014 war.
In Gaza, Hamas nonetheless welcomed the initiation of the investigation and called on Bensouda to 鈥渞esist any pressure鈥� that could scuttle the process.
鈥淭his is a step forward to implement justice, punish the occupation and do justice to the Palestinian people,鈥� Hamas spokesman Hazem Qassem told the Associated Press. He said he was confident that the rocket attacks on Israeli cities was legitimate under international law.
The ICC is meant to serve as a court of last resort when countries' own judicial systems are unable or unwilling to investigate and prosecute war crimes.
Israel does not recognize its authority, saying it has an independent, world-class judicial system. But the Palestinians, and human rights groups, say Israel is incapable of investigating itself and has a history of whitewashing military crimes.
After the war, the military opened dozens of investigations into the conduct of troops. Although there were only a handful of convictions on minor charges, that could be enough for the court, which dropped a similar case against British troops in Iraq last year because U.K. authorities had investigated.
In a reference to Israel's justice system, Bensouda said the investigation will 鈥渁llow for a continuing assessment of actions being taken at the domestic level in accordance with the principle of complementarity.鈥�
Experts have warned that Israel could have a harder time defending its settlement policies in in east Jerusalem and the West Bank.
Settlements are widely viewed as illegal based on the Geneva Convention principle that an occupying power is barred from transferring its population to territories captured in war. Population transfers are listed as a war crime in the ICC's founding treaty, the Rome Statute.
Israel annexed east Jerusalem after the 1967 Mideast war, and considers the West Bank disputed territory. But its positions are not internationally recognized, and most of the world considers both areas occupied territories.
Today, some 700,000 settlers live in the two areas, which the Palestinians claim, along with Gaza, for a future state. Israel says the fate of these areas should be resolved in negotiations, and that ICC involvement will push the Palestinians away from the negotiating table.
Bensouda said that priorities in the investigation will be 鈥渄etermined in due time鈥� based on constraints including the coronavirus pandemic, limited resources and prosecutors' existing heavy workload.
While Wednesday's decision does not pose any immediate threat to Israel, the court has the authority to quietly issue arrest warrants for people suspected of crimes.
Netanyahu was prime minister during the 2014 Gaza war and has been a strong advocate of the settlements. His defence minister, Benny Gantz, was Israel's military commander during the war. Israeli media have said that Israel is in touch with allies who are members of the ICC to receive warnings about potential arrest warrants against its citizens.
In his statement, Netanyahu said Israel was being unfairly singled out. He accused the court of 鈥渢urning a blind eye to Iran, Syria and the other dictatorships that are committing real war crimes.鈥�
U.S. State Department spokesman Ned Price said 鈥渨e firmly oppose and are disappointed by the ICC prosecutor's announcement of an investigation into the Palestinian situation.鈥�
鈥淲e will continue to uphold our strong commitment to Israel and its security including by opposing actions that seek to target Israel unfairly,鈥� Price told reporters in Washington.
International human rights groups praised the decision as a step toward justice for Israeli and Palestinian victims.
鈥淭he court's crowded docket shouldn't deter the prosecutor's office from doggedly pursuing cases against anyone credibly implicated in such crimes,鈥� said Balkees Jarrah, associate international justice director at Human Rights Watch.
鈥淚CC member countries should stand ready to fiercely protect the court's work from any political pressure,鈥� she said.
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Corder reported from The Hague, Netherlands. Fares Akram in Gaza City, Gaza Strip, contributed.
