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Colombia presidential race to runoff between leftist and businessman

Drummers perform for supporters of Gustavo Petro, presidential candidate with the Historical Pact coalition, on election night in Bogota, Colombia, May 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Fernando Vergara) Drummers perform for supporters of Gustavo Petro, presidential candidate with the Historical Pact coalition, on election night in Bogota, Colombia, May 29, 2022. (AP Photo/Fernando Vergara)
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BOGOTA, Colombia -

In a blow to Colombia鈥檚 political class, a leftist former rebel and a populist businessman took the top two spots in the country鈥檚 presidential election Sunday and headed to a runoff showdown in June.

Leftist Sen. Gustavo Petro led the field of six candidates with just over 40 per cent of the votes, while independent real estate tycoon Rodolfo Hern谩ndez finished second with more than 28 per cent, election authorities said Sunday evening.

A candidate needed 50 per cent of the total votes to win outright the contest held amid a polarized environment and growing discontent over increasing inequality and inflation.

No matter who wins June 19, the South American country long governed by conservatives or moderates will see a dramatic shift in presidential politics.

Petro has promised to make significant adjustments to the economy, including tax reform, and to change how Colombia fights drug cartels and other armed groups. Hern谩ndez, whose spot in the runoff contest came as a surprise, has few connections to political parties and promises to reduce wasteful government spending and to offer rewards for people who report corrupt officials.

Looking at areas where Hern谩ndez won in some of the most traditional heartland departments, 鈥渢he rejection of the status quo even among many of the most conservative Colombians ... really does show a disgust with the traditional workings of Colombian politics,鈥 said Adam Isacson, an expert on Colombia at the Washington Office on Latin America think tank.

Petro鈥檚 main rival for most of the campaign was Federico Gutierrez, a former mayor of Medellin who was seen as the continuity candidate and ran on a pro-business, economic growth platform. But Hern谩ndez began to move up strongly in recent polls heading into the election.

There has been a series of leftist political victories in Latin America as people seek change at a time of dissatisfaction with the economic situation. Chile, Peru and Honduras elected leftist presidents in 2021, and in Brazil, former President Luiz In谩cio Lula da Silva is leading the polls for this year鈥檚 presidential election. Mexico elected a leftist president in 2018.

鈥淭he main problem in the country is the inequality of conditions, the work is not well paid,鈥 said Jenny Bello, who sold coffee near a long line of voters under a typical cloudy sky in the capital of Bogot谩. She had to resort to informal sales after months without work because of the pandemic.

This was the second presidential election held since the government signed in 2016 a peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known as FARC for its initials in Spanish. But the divisive agreement was not a main issue during the campaign, which focused on poverty, inflation and other challenges exacerbated by the pandemic.

It is Petro鈥檚 third attempt to become president. He was defeated in 2018 by Iv谩n Duque, who was not eligible to seekr re-election.

鈥淲hat is in dispute today is change. The political parties allied to the government of Duque, his political project, has been defeated in Colombia,鈥 Petro told his supporters as they celebrated at his campaign headquarters in Bogot谩. 鈥淐olombia鈥檚 total vote launches that message to the world: A period is ending; an era is ending.鈥

A victory for Petro would usher in a new political era in a country that has long marginalized the left due to its perceived association with the nation鈥檚 armed conflict. He was once a rebel with the now-defunct M-19 movement and was granted amnesty after being jailed for his involvement with the group.

鈥淭he peace accords of 2016 really broke the link between left politics and guerrillas/terrorists,鈥 Isacson said. 鈥淚 think people suddenly realized they could be very critical of the existing system without being painted as a guerrilla.鈥

But in a sign of the resistance to a leftist government, Gutierrez endorsed Hern谩ndez shortly after he was left out of the runoff.

鈥淜nowing that our position is decisive for the future of Colombia, we have made a decision ... we do not want to lose the country,鈥 Gutierrez said, adding that he would support Hern谩ndez because he does not want to put Colombia 鈥渁t risk.鈥

Petro has promised to make significant adjustments to the economy, including a tax reform, as well as changes to how Colombia fights drug cartels and other armed groups.

Hern谩ndez, the former mayor of the north-central city of Bucaramanga, surged in recent polls with promises to 鈥渃lean鈥 the country of corruption and to donate his salary.

鈥淣ow, we enter the second period, and these next few days will be decisive in determining the future of the country,鈥 Hern谩ndez said in a livestream after early results showed he advanced to the runoff. He said he remains firm on his commitment to end 鈥渃orruption as a system of government.鈥

A Gallup poll conducted earlier this month said 75 per cent of Colombians believe the country is heading in the wrong direction and only 27 per cent approve of Duque. A poll last year by Gallup found 60 per cent of those questioned were finding it hard to get by on their income.

The pandemic set back the country鈥檚 anti-poverty efforts by at least a decade. Official figures show that 39 per cent of Colombia鈥檚 51.6 million residents lived on less than US$89 a month last year, which has a slight improvement from 42.5 per cent in 2020.

Inflation reached its highest levels in two decades last month. Duque鈥檚 administration said April鈥檚 9.2 per cent rate was part of a global inflationary phenomenon, but the argument did nothing to tame discontent over increasing food prices.

鈥淭he vote serves to change the country and I think that this responsibility falls a lot on young people who want to reach standards that allow us to have a decent life,鈥 said Juan David Gonz谩lez, 28, who voted for the second time in a presidential election.

In addition to economic challenges, Colombia鈥檚 next president will also have to face a complex security issue and corruption, which is a top concern of voters.

The Red Cross last year concluded Colombia reached its highest level of violence in the last five years. Although the peace agreement with the FARC has been implemented, the territories and drug-trafficking routes that it once controlled are in dispute between other armed groups such as the National Liberation Army, or ELN, a guerrilla founded in the 1960s, FARC dissidents and the Gulf Clan cartel.

Duque鈥檚 successor will have to decide whether to resume peace talks with the ELN, which he suspended in 2019 after an attack killed more than 20 people.

鈥淐orruption in state entities is the main problem in the country,鈥 脡dgar Gonz谩lez said after voting in Bogot谩. 鈥... A very big change is taking place in the country鈥檚 politics and if we all exercise the right we are going to achieve that change.鈥

___

Garcia Cano reported from Caracas, Venezuela.

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