HANOI, Vietnam - The World Health Organization warned Monday that countries should be on alert for bird flu because it is again on the move, with Pakistan reporting South Asia's first human infections and Myanmar logging its first human case.
"The key to the public health response is surveillance," said Peter Cordingley, spokesman for the WHO Western Pacific region in Manila, noting that the H5N1 virus often flares when temperatures drop during the winter months.
"If we do actually get to the cases with antivirals early on, the health outcome is a lot better," he said.
WHO experts traveled to Pakistan and were to visit a hospital and affected areas Tuesday, said WHO country representative Khalif Bile in Islamabad.
"They are here to get more information and to provide more support in the case of any potential risk," he said, adding that the country's health and agriculture ministries were now working closely with WHO following a "communication gap" when the government did not immediately report suspected cases to the U.N. health agency.
Four brothers and two cousins fell ill last month in Abbotabad, north of Islamabad, while three others who slaughtered poultry in the same area and a nearby town tested positive for the H5N1 bird flu virus this month.
Two of the brothers died, but specimens were collected from only one.
The cases were positive for H5N1 in initial government testing, but WHO will conduct further analysis to confirm the results.
WHO spokesman Gregory Hartl in Geneva said human-to-human transmission had not been ruled out, but added that poultry outbreaks had earlier been reported in the area and it was unclear if all patients had links to sick birds or infected surroundings.
A doctor who cared for the brothers also experienced mild flu-like symptoms, but more testing was needed to determine if she was infected, Hartl said.
Two poultry farms near Abbotabad have been closed and health workers are taking the temperatures of those living in the affected area twice a day, said Minhajul Haq, a district health officer.
"We are on high alert, though we still await any confirmation of human-to-human transmission," he said.
At least 208 people have died from the virus, which began plaguing Asian poultry stocks in late 2003. It remains hard for people to catch, but scientists worry it could mutate into a form that spreads easily among people, potentially sparking a pandemic.
With fresh poultry outbreaks reported in a number of countries, including Germany over the weekend, WHO urged nations to be vigilant in identifying and reporting cases in both birds and humans.
Myanmar's first human case was reported Friday in a 7-year-old girl who fell ill last month and survived, while Indonesia, the country hardest hit by the virus, has announced its 93rd death from the virus.
Two human cases were also recently confirmed in China, one of whom died.
In some countries, like Indonesia, poultry outbreaks and human cases of bird flu are reported year round, but many countries experience a flurry of activity when temperatures drop.
"It starts to pop at this time of the year, not just in this region where it's endemic, but it starts to appear in the West," Cordingley said. "Between now and April is a very dangerous time of the year."
Most human bird flu cases have been linked to sick birds, but experts suspect limited person-to-person transmission may have occurred in a few cases involving blood relatives.
