WASHINGTON - A dozen states are competing intensely to play host to a government research lab full of killer germs like anthrax, avian flu and foot-and-mouth disease -- a prospect some of their residents want to avoid like the plague.
The states are bidding for a proposed 520,000-square-foot National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility that will cost at least US$450 million to build. It would replace an aging, smaller lab at Plum Island, N.Y., where security lapses after the 2001 terrorist attacks drew scrutiny from Congress and government investigators.
The Homeland Security Department facility promises at least 300 lab-related jobs, and more in construction. Congress provided money for the $47 million design and architecture, but no money has been appropriated yet for construction or operations.
States' written bids have not been made public. However, they were required to make available at least 30 acres of land.
The competition intensified last month as federal officials began visits to 17 potential sites. The government has said it would take into account offers of roads, cheap water supplies and discounted utilities, and states are dangling their premier scientific expertise and community treasures as bait.
"Protecting human life and our livestock and food supply is important to society and we want to be a part of that," said Harold Timboe, a university researcher in San Antonio who is leading the city's effort. San Antonio is offering three sites that officials will visit Monday and Tuesday.
Besides Texas, which has a total of four sites in contention, states bidding for the site are California, Georgia, Kansas, Oklahoma, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina and Wisconsin. Georgia, Kansas and Mississippi are offering two sites each, while Kentucky and Tennessee are working together for one site in Kentucky.
In June, officials will narrow down their options to three to five sites. The winner should be announced in October 2008, with the lab operating by 2014.
Pockets of opposition have emerged in some states.
The Dunn, Wis., Town Board, the Dane, Wis., County Board of Supervisors and the Tracy, Calif., City Council voted to oppose the sites proposed for their communities.
The Wisconsin bid has drawn the ire of patent lawyer George Corrigan, who is concerned about pathogens finding their way into the community near a Lake Kegonsa home he owns. The rural area just outside Madison includes many landowners who have bought development rights to preserve the land, and much of the opposition stems from the development the lab would bring.
"They made sweeping statements of 'Trust us,' generalizations that nothing bad will happen. That may be good enough for some people, but not for me," Corrigan said.
At a public meeting, neighbors of the potential Leavenworth, Kan., site voiced concerns about lab safety, the lab's effect on property, congestion and the project's potential to make the area a terrorism risk.
Opponents in Mississippi have posted "No Bio-Lab" signs. According to local news reports, opponents in Kentucky greeted federal officials visiting that site with signs that said "Hal! No! We won't go!" a reference to Rep. Hal Rogers, R-Ky., who serves on the House Appropriations homeland security subcommittee.
The Plum Island lab conducts research on foot-and-mouth disease and other germs to protect agriculture and livestock from foreign diseases.
John Vitko, director of the Homeland Security Department's chem-bio division in its Science and Technology directorate, said that would remain the priority at the new lab, particularly foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever.
Homeland Security officials are still deciding which additional pathogens will be researched at the lab. Scientists and officials from various states have named, among others, anthrax, smallpox and Marbug and Lhasa, rare hemorrhagic fevers that attack the vascular system.
The lab will have the highest-level security rating, BSL-4, meaning it would be equipped to handle the most lethal, incurable disease agents. The lab will be the only one in the country to integrate study of lethal agents that could be used as bioweapons on humans and in agriculture, research on diseases that could be passed between animal and human, and foreign animal diseases.
The department wouldn't give an estimated budget for the new lab, where research for the Homeland Security, Health and Human Services and Agriculture departments will be conducted. The current Plum Island lab received $26 million in federal money for operations and maintenance this year and about $14.4 million for Homeland Security and Agriculture research.
San Antonio's privately run BSL-4 lab is operated by Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research. One of its scientists, Jean Patterson, was involved in the decontamination of the Senate offices that received envelopes of anthrax in 2001.
A consortium in North Carolina contends that its site, a plot of state-owned land north of Raleigh, is better because its biotechnology industry has been around a lot longer and is larger than San Antonio's.
Along with three top universities in its Research Triangle, North Carolina is home to several major pharmaceutical companies, said Barrett Slenning, associate professor at the North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine.
