RENO, Nev. -- The average surface temperature of Lake Tahoe has risen faster over the last four years than any time on record -- 15 times faster than the long-term warming rate over the past half century, scientists say.
Continued warm and dry conditions contributed to several record-breaking measurements at Lake Tahoe in 2015, raising concerns about the ecological impacts of climate change on the second deepest lake in the United States, according to an annual report issued Thursday by the UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center.
"Lake Tahoe experienced a year like no other," according to the research centre, which started keeping water temperature records in 1970 when it averaged 50.3 degrees.
The temperature in 2015 warmed nearly one-half of a degree from the previous year to a record 53.3 degrees Fahrenheit, the new study says.
Tahoe's surface temperature slowly was increasing until it declined between 1997 and 2011, but since then it "has warmed at an alarming rate of over 0.3 F per year" -- 15 times faster than the long-term average rate of .018 per year, the researchers said.
While precipitation was near average, only 6.5 per cent of it fell as snow in 2015, the lowest amount on record. Only 24 days had below-freezing air temperatures, also a record, the report said.
Over the last 100 years, the daily air temperature on the lake's northwest shore at Tahoe City, California has increased, with a 4.3 degree rise in the daily minimum temperature and a 2-degree increase in the daily maximum temperature, the report said.
Geoff Schladow, director of the research centre, said scientists have been aware for some time now of the rising air temperatures around Tahoe, and more recently the warming of the lake itself.
"What is different this year is that we are seeing more aspects of the lake's internal physics changing, and that is bound to alter the ecology," said Schladow, a professor of water resources and environmental engineering at UC Davis.
For example, Lake Tahoe's "mixing depth" last year -- an important measurement of the intermingling of varying depths of water -- was the shallowest ever recorded at 262 feet, the study said.
Typical mixing of waters that occurs at deep levels during the winter is critical to adding oxygen to the depths and distributing nitrogen that tends to accumulate at the bottom, the report said. Last year, Tahoe failed to mix its full depth for the fourth year in a row, it said.
Annual clarity fell 4.8 feet to 73.1 feet in 2015, due in part to warmer inflowing water. However, it was still more than 9 feet greater than the lowest recorded average of 64.1 feet in 1997, the report said.
Twenty-two miles long and 12 miles wide, the lake covers 191 square miles along the California-Nevada line. With a maximum depth of 1,645 feet -- second only to Oregon's Crater Lake, its waters would cover the state of California 14 inches deep.
