VILNIUS, LITHUANIA -- Sweden's membership of NATO took a big step forward on Monday after Turkiye agreed to remove one of the last major roadblocks in return for help in reviving Turkiye's own chances of joining the European Union.
At talks in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, where U.S. President Joe Biden and his NATO counterparts are meeting for a two-day summit starting Tuesday, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan committed to put the Nordic country's accession protocol before Parliament 鈥渁s soon as possible,鈥� the head of NATO said.
鈥淭his is an historic day because we have a clear commitment by Turkiye to submit the ratification documents to the Grand National Assembly, and to work also with the assembly to ensure ratification,鈥� NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told reporters after a series of high-stakes meetings.
Sweden's NATO accession has been held up by objections from Turkiye since last year. The Turkish parliament's ratification of the accession protocol is one of the last steps in the process.
Stoltenberg made the announcement after talks with Erdogan and Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson on the eve of a NATO summit in Lithuania.
鈥漈oday we took a very big step on the road toward complete ratification,鈥� Kristersson said.
There was no comment from Erdogan on the move, which many saw as linked in part to Turkiye's demands on other issues, particularly Erdogan's desire for support for European Union membership from European leaders and for F-16 fighter jets from the United States.
It's unclear when the Nordic country's membership might be approved, but the agreement appears to have taken the issue off the agenda of the summit, which was meant to focus uniquely on the war in Ukraine and Kyiv's own membership aspirations.
In a statement, Biden welcomed the agreement and said he will work with Turkiye 鈥渙n enhancing defense and deterrence in the Euro-Atlantic area. I look forward to welcoming Prime Minister Kristersson and Sweden as our 32nd NATO Ally.鈥�
Biden's reference to enhancing Turkiye's defense capability was a nod to Biden's commitment to help Turkiye acquire new F-16s, according to a U.S. administration official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment.
The Biden administration has backed Turkiye's desire to buy 40 new F-16s as well as modernization kits from the U.S. It's a move some in Congress, most notably Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Menendez, D-N.J, have opposed over Turkiye blocking NATO membership for Sweden, its human rights record, its relations with Greece and other concerns.
In Washington, however, Menendez said he was 鈥渃ontinuing to have my reservations鈥� on providing the planes to Turkiye. If the Biden administration can show that Turkiye wouldn't use the F-16s belligerently against other NATO members, particularly its neighbor Greece, 鈥渢hen there may be a way forward,鈥� Menendez told reporters.
In exchange for Turkiye's help with NATO, Sweden has agreed to help unblock Turkiye's progress towards joining the European Union, which has been on hold since 2018.
Stoltenberg said that Turkiye's relationship with the EU was 鈥渘ot an issue for NATO, it's an issue for the European Union.鈥� But he told reporters that 鈥渨hat Sweden agreed today as an EU member was to support actively the efforts to reinvigorate Turkiye's EU accession process.鈥�
Earlier Monday, Erdogan had warned that he would block Sweden's attempt to become the 32nd NATO ally unless European members of the military organization 鈥減ave the way鈥� for Turkiye to join the world's biggest trading bloc.
It was the first time that he had linked the two countries' aspirations in this way.
鈥淐ome and open the way for Turkiye's membership in the European Union,鈥� Erdogan told reporters before flying to Vilnius. 鈥淲hen you pave the way for Turkiye, we'll pave the way for Sweden, as we did for Finland.鈥�
Turkiye was blocking Sweden's accession because Erdogan believes that Sweden has been too soft on Kurdish militants and other groups that he considers to be security threats.
On arriving in Vilnius, Erdogan first met with Kristersson, before breaking off for separate talks with European Council President Charles Michel.
Michel tweeted that he and Erdogan had 鈥渆xplored opportunities ahead to bring cooperation back to the forefront and re-energise our relations.鈥� Michel said he has tasked the European Commission to draw up a 鈥渞eport with a view to proceed in strategic and forward-looking manner.鈥�
Turkiye first applied to join what is now the EU in 1987, but its membership talks have been at a standstill since 2018 due to democratic backsliding during Erdogan's presidency, concerns about the rule of law and rights abuses, as well as disputes with EU-member Cyprus.
Of the 31 NATO member countries, 22 are also members of the EU, like Sweden.
Stoltenberg and Kristersson said that Sweden would also help Turkiye to improve its customs arrangements with the EU, and to try to obtain visa-free travel in Europe for its citizens. Turkiy etried to achieve these goals in recent years but failed to meet the trading bloc's standards.
Earlier, Erdogan's office said he told Biden during a telephone call Sunday that Turkiye wanted a 鈥渃lear and strong鈥� message of support for Turkiye's EU ambitions from NATO leaders. The White House readout of the Biden-Erdogan call did not mention the issue of Turkish EU membership.
Turkiye's delaying tactics have irritated other NATO allies, including the United States. Biden's national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, confirmed Sunday that Biden and Erdogan had discussed Sweden's NATO membership, among other issues, and had agreed to meet in Vilnius for further talks.
Sullivan said the White House is confident Sweden will join the alliance.
鈥淲e don't regard this as something that is fundamentally in doubt. This is a matter of timing. The sooner the better,鈥� he said.
Previously non-aligned Sweden and Finland applied for NATO membership last year following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Finland joined in April following Turkish ratification.
Another key issue at the summit in Vilnius will be how to bring Ukraine closer to NATO without actually joining, and security guarantees Kyiv might need to ensure that Russia doesn't invade again after the war ends. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskky will join the summit in person on Wednesday.
Stoltenberg said the most important thing was to continue to support Ukraine's efforts to resist the Russian invasion.
鈥淯nless Ukraine prevails, there is no membership issue to discuss at all,鈥� he said.
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Fraser reported from Ankara, Turkiye. AP White House reporter Chris Megerian in London and reporters Aamer Madhani and Lisa Mascaro in Washington contributed to this report.
