LOS ANGELES -- Event organizers should review their emergency plans after the deadly shooting at a California food festival to see if they can make additional safety improvements as the peak of summer and fair season brings open-air environments that are notoriously difficult to secure, law enforcement experts said.
The weekend shooting at the Gilroy Garlic Festival left three dead -- including two children -- and a dozen wounded at the famous three-day event that attracts more than 100,000 people annually to the agricultural community in Northern California .
The festival included a perimeter fence, metal detectors, a bag search and police patrols. Despite those measures, 19-year-old Santino William Legan cut through the fence and, wielding a rifle, opened fire before three officers -- in less than a minute -- fatally shot him, preventing additional casualties.
"Anytime you put on a large event with a lot of people you're always concerned, which is why we try to run a very tight, closed event where there's, you know, controlled access," Gilroy Police Chief Scot Smithee said at a news conference Monday. "Do we think about how we're going to respond if something were to happen? I would say the answer is yes."
Experts ticked off a list of ideal precautions: a perimeter fence -- or even two -- with roving police patrols, as well as drones, security cameras, social media monitoring, bag checks, metal detectors, limited points of entry and an "overwatch" police unit that monitors the event from a high perch.
Recommendations for an overwatch position and securing beyond the site of the event are similar to suggested improvements after another deadly festival shooting: In 2017, a gunman on the 32ndfloor of a hotel fired into a crowd and killed 58 people in Las Vegas. It became the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history. A review recommended securing high-rise buildings overlooking open-air venues, not just the festivals themselves.
"It's not just OK to secure your perimeter and think you're safe," Michael Downing, a former Los Angeles Police Department deputy chief, said.
Still, officials said first responders and event co-ordinators need to balance safety concerns, costs and a welcoming atmosphere for visitors, noting that eventgoers likely do not want to be subjected to extensive screening with X-ray machines and metal detectors.
"You obviously can't do an event that is set up like an international airport," said Sheriff Tony Spurlock of Douglas County, Colorado, where the annual county fair is being held this week. "It's not the kind of environment that we would set up magnetometers at every entrance."
Brian Higgins, a former Bergen County, New Jersey, police chief, said controlling an event's perimeter through technology and police is key to safety. Although a long line of people at a single point of entry can pose its own target, limited access means law enforcement can more easily see who is coming in and out -- and with what.
"Just because it's a family-friendly event doesn't mean that something bad can't happen," Higgins said.
Although festivalgoers may notice increased security in the coming weeks, experts don't foresee a major shift in safety protocols going forward.
"Events like this are occurring across the country every weekend and it's up to those event co-ordinators to determine the extent to which they want to employ security features," Craig Fair, deputy special agent in charge at the FBI's San Francisco office, said at Monday's news conference.
Experts praised the Gilroy Police Department's precautionary efforts and quick response, noting that law enforcement there had taken many critical steps.
"If somebody's that determined to do something that terrible, it's going to be hard to stop them," said Soraya Sutherlin, managing partner of Los Angeles-based Emergency Management Safety Partners.
Sutherlin said event planners should clearly label exits, with signs pointing people toward an evacuation route, and design a way for visitors to report suspicious activity either in person, over the phone or through an app.
Officials said there must be greater efforts to identify future shooters beforehand, through social media monitoring or other means.
"How do we figure out that he was an absolute ticking time bomb waiting to go off?" said Stephan Dembinsky, public safety director in Daytona Beach Shores, Florida. "Until we figure out how to identify them, we're going to keep having these shootings."
