Calls are growing for an investigation into one of the worst single tragedies to occur during Israel鈥檚 war with Hamas took, after scores of Palestinians were killed trying to access food aid in Gaza City on Thursday.
At least 112 people were killed and 760 injured in an incident where Israel Defense Forces (IDF) troops used live fire as hungry and desperate Palestinian civilians were gathering around food aid trucks, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza. CNN is unable to independently confirm these numbers.
The incident took place amid a backdrop of vast hunger and dire poverty in the besieged enclave, where food aid has been so rare as to frequently elicit panic when it arrives.
But there are competing narratives surrounding the devastation that have been put forward by Israel and by eyewitnesses on the ground.
The United Nations has said an independent investigation is required to establish the facts, and nations including France have backed that call.
Here鈥檚 what we know.
What happened?
The deaths occurred amid scenes of chaos on Haroun Al Rasheed Street in western Gaza City, where crowds of hungry Palestinians had gathered for food aid.
A convoy of at least 18 food trucks arrived at around 4.30 a.m. on Thursday morning, sent by countries in the region including Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, according to eyewitnesses.
Civilians swarmed around the newly arrived aid trucks in the hope of getting food, and Israeli forces soon started shooting, witnesses said.
The aid trucks tried to escape the area, accidentally ramming others and causing further deaths and injuries, the eyewitnesses added to CNN. Ambulances struggled to reach those in need because rubble was blocking the way, one of those witnesses, Ahmad Abu Al Foul told CNN.
The majority of the casualties occurred as a result of people being rammed by aid trucks trying to escape Israeli fire, according to a local journalist in Gaza, Khader Al Za鈥檃noun.
Al Za鈥檃noun, who was at the scene and witnessed the incident, said that while there were large crowds waiting for food to be distributed from aid trucks, the chaos and confusion that led to people being hit by the trucks only started once Israeli soldiers opened fire.
鈥淢ost of the people that were killed were rammed by the aid trucks during the chaos and while trying to escape the Israeli gunfire,鈥 Al Za鈥檃noun said.
What is Israel saying?
Israel offered an evolving account of the incident as the day progressed.
In its first comments, the IDF said the incident began when Palestinians attempted to loot the trucks. 鈥淓arly this morning, during the entry of humanitarian aid trucks into the northern Gaza Strip, Gazan residents surrounded the trucks, and looted the supplies being delivered. During the incident, dozens of Gazans were injured as a result of pushing and trampling,鈥 the IDF told CNN.
Later on Thursday, an Israeli military spokesperson claimed in a briefing that there were two separate incidents involving aid trucks in Gaza Thursday.
First, he said trucks entered northern Gaza and were rushed by crowds, with trucks running over people. Subsequently, he said, a group of Palestinians approached Israeli forces, who then opened fire on the Palestinians.
鈥淭he truckloads went into the north, then there was the stampede, and then afterwards, there was the event against our forces. That鈥檚 how things transpired this morning,鈥 the spokesman said.
That timeline directly contradicts the eyewitness accounts, which suggested that the Israeli military opened fire on people near the trucks, causing drivers to pull away in panic.
In a briefing Thursday, IDF spokesperson Daniel Hargari denied there had been a strike on the convoy. He said that Israeli tanks had fired warning shots to disperse a crowd around an aid convoy in Gaza, after seeing that people were being trampled.
He insisted that the tanks were there 鈥渢o secure the humanitarian corridor鈥 so the aid convoy could reach its destination.
The IDF released a short video, which appears to show a tank driving parallel to the crowd, several meters away.
鈥淎s you can see in this video, the tanks that were there to secure the convoy sees the Gazans being trampled and cautiously tries to disperse the mob with a few warning shots,鈥 Hagari said.
When the crowd started to grow and 鈥渢hings got out of hand,鈥 the tank retreated to avoid harming Gazans, he added.
鈥淚 think, as a military man, they were backing up securely, risking their own lives, not shooting at the mob,鈥 he said.
What is the humanitarian situation in Gaza?
More than a half a million people in Gaza are on the brink of famine, United Nations agencies warned on Tuesday, as the war in the enclave stretches towards the five-month mark.
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said at least 576,000 people across Gaza are 鈥渇acing catastrophic levels of deprivation and starvation.鈥 Meanwhile, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) warned 鈥渙f a real prospect of famine by May, with 500,000 people at risk if the threat is allowed to materialize.鈥
鈥淭oday, food aid is required by almost the entire population of 2.2 million people. Gaza is seeing the worst level of child malnutrition anywhere in the world,鈥 Carl Skau, WFP Deputy Executive Director, told the Security Council during its Tuesday session. 鈥淥ne child in every six under the age of 2 is acutely malnourished.鈥
Aid has been so sparse that, when available, it has often prompted panic. Jan Egeland, the Secretary-General of the Norwegian Refugee Council, warned of chaotic scenes around aid trucks in Gaza, during an interview with CNN鈥檚 Christiane Amanpour earlier this week.
鈥淭he chaos, yes, around the aid line is becoming worse and worse because there鈥檚 so little aid coming in,鈥 he said.
鈥淭oday, I鈥檓 pretty shaken actually from what I saw,鈥 he went on. 鈥淭he minute we crossed the border 鈥 you see the aid trucks going full speed down the road, being chased by gangs of youth who jumped the trucks and before our eyes, loot mattresses, blankets, food, et cetera, to the desperate people outside who want to get some aid.鈥
What has the international community said?
The U.S. State Department expressed condolences for those killed and injured and said the U.S. was pressing Israel for answers.
鈥淔ar too many innocent Palestinians have been killed over the course of this conflict, not just today, but over the past nearly five months,鈥 State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said at a press briefing.
鈥淲e have been in touch with the Israeli government since early this morning and understand that an investigation is underway,鈥 he said.
Miller said the U.S. is aware of 鈥渃onflicting reports鈥 about what happened and would only say the U.S. knows that a commercial convoy not associated with the UN was delivering the aid.
鈥淚f there鈥檚 anything that the aerial footage of today鈥檚 incident makes clear, it is just how desperate the situation on the ground is,鈥 said Miller, calling for Israel to 鈥渁llow the entry of more assistance into Gaza, through as many points of access as possible, and to enable safe and secure distribution of that aid throughout Gaza.鈥
The UN has condemned the incident and said it must be investigated. UN Secretary General António Guterres said he was 鈥渁ppalled鈥 by the growing death toll in Gaza and reiterated calls for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire and unconditional release of all Israeli hostages in Gaza.
His spokesman Stéphane Dujarric said in a statement: 鈥淭he desperate civilians in Gaza need urgent help, including those in the besieged north where the United Nations has not been able to deliver aid in more than a week.鈥
Saudi Arabia also condemned the incident, calling on the international community 鈥渢o take a firm stance by obliging Israel to respect international humanitarian law,鈥 while the United Arab Emirates called for an 鈥渋ndependent and transparent investigation.鈥
Colombia announced it would suspend the purchase of weapons from Israel following the deaths. 鈥淭his is called genocide and is reminiscent of the Holocaust even if the world powers do not like to recognize it,鈥 Colombian President Gustavo Petro said in a post.
French Foreign Affairs Minister Stéphane Séjourné supported calls for a probe into what happened. Speaking to French radio station France Inter, Séjourné branded the events as 鈥渦ndefendable and injustifiable.鈥
The French Foreign Affairs ministry also released a statement on Thursday saying France was 鈥渨aiting for all light to be shed on the acts mentioned, which are very serious.鈥
What this means for the war
Thursday鈥檚 tragedy represented one of the deadliest single incidents in Gaza since Israel鈥檚 war against Hamas began.
And it came at a critical time for the conflict, with negotiations between Israel and Hamas on a deal to pause fighting and allow humanitarian aid into Gaza reaching a potentially pivotal moment.
Hamas senior member Izzat Al-Risheq warned that the killing of people collecting aid from trucks in Gaza could lead to the failure of ongoing talks.
鈥淣egotiations are not an open process,鈥 he said in a statement published by the Hamas on Telegram.
鈥淲e will not allow for the pathway of the negotiations鈥to become] a cover for the enemy鈥檚 continued crimes against our people in the Gaza Strip,鈥 Al-Risheq said.
At the State Department briefing, Miller also said the incident indicated how necessary it was to reach 鈥渁 potential temporary ceasefire as part of a hostage deal鈥 to allow more aid in.
鈥淲e continue to work day and night to achieve that outcome, including through calls (President Joe Biden) held this morning with President Al Sisi of Egypt and the Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim, as well as one Secretary Blinken held earlier today with Qatari Prime Minister Al Thani,鈥 Miller said.
鈥淓very leader on those calls agreed that this terrible event underscores the urgency in bringing the hostage talks to a close.鈥
President Biden said Monday during an appearance at an ice cream shop in New York City that he hoped there would be a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict by 鈥渘ext Monday,鈥 though officials from Israel, Hamas and Qatar 鈥 which is helping mediate negotiations 鈥 distanced themselves from that timeline.
Biden said Thursday 鈥渢here are two competing versions of what happened鈥 that his administration is looking into. When asked by CNN鈥檚 Arlette Saenz at the White House on Thursday if he worried the deaths would complicate negotiations, Biden responded: 鈥淥h, I know it will.鈥 But he still expressed optimism that a deal on the hostages and a potential ceasefire could be reached soon.
