ROME -- Friar Paolo Benanti wears the plain brown robes of his medieval Franciscan order as he pursues one of the most pressing issues in contemporary times: how to govern artificial intelligence so that it enriches - and doesn't exploit - people's lives.
Benanti is the Vatican's go-to person on the technology and he has the ear of Pope Francis as well as some of Silicon Valley's top engineers and executives.
With a background in engineering, a doctorate in moral theology and a passion for what he calls the 鈥渆thics of technology,鈥� the 50-year-old Italian priest is on an urgent mission that he shares with Francis, who, in his annual peace message for 2024 pushed for an international treaty to ensure the ethical use of AI technology.
鈥淲hat is the difference between a man who exists and a machine that functions?鈥� said Benanti in an interview this week with The Associated Press during a break at the Pontifical Gregoriana University, where he teaches courses, including moral theology and bioethics, to students preparing for the priesthood. 鈥淭his is perhaps the greatest question of these times, because we are witnessing a challenge that every day grows more profound with a machine that is humanizing.鈥�
Benanti is a member of the United Nations' Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence as well as head of an Italian government commission tasked with providing recommendations on how to safeguard journalism from fake news and other disinformation. He is also a consultant to the Vatican's Pontifical Academy for Life.
Benanti says he helps 鈥渂etter clarify the more technical terms for the Holy Father鈥� during their encounters. His knowledge came in handy for a 2023 meeting at the Vatican between Francis and Microsoft President Brad Smith that focused on how AI could help or hurt humanity.
Francis and Smith had also discussed artificial intelligence 鈥渁t the service of the common good鈥� during a meeting a few years earlier, according to the Vatican. With a papacy heavily attentive to those who live on society's margins, Francis has made clear his concern that AI technology could limit human rights by, say, negatively impacting a homebuyer's mortgage application, a migrant's asylum bid or an evaluation of an offender's likelihood to repeat a crime.
鈥淚t's clear that if we choose some data that aren't sufficiently inclusive, we will have some choices that aren't inclusive,â鈧�³ said Benanti, whose religious order was founded in the early 13th century by St. Francis of Assisi, who renounced earthly riches and promoted charitable works.
Microsoft first reached out to Benanti several years ago for his thoughts on technology, the friar said. In 2023, Smith did a podcast with Benanti in Rome, describing the friar as bringing 鈥渙ne of the most fascinating combinations in the world鈥� in terms of his background in engineering, ethics and technology, to the AI debate.
Benanti, who was one year shy of obtaining his engineering degree at Rome's Sapienza University when he forsook the degree - and also his girlfriend - to join the Franciscans in his 20s, described how AI could be a 鈥渞eally powerful tool鈥� in bringing down the cost of medicine and empowering doctors to help more people.
But he also described the ethical implications of a technology that could have the same capabilities as a human - or perhaps even more.
鈥淚t is a problem not of using (AI) but it is a problem of governance,鈥� the friar said. 鈥滱nd here is where ethics come in - finding the right level of use inside a social context.鈥�
Benanti noted that much of the data that informs AI is fed by low-wage workers, many in developing countries entrenched in a history of colonialism and an exploited workforce.
鈥淚 don't want this to be remembered as the season in which we extract from the global South cognitive resources,鈥� he said. If one examines 鈥渢he best tools that we are producing in AI鈥� in the West, one sees that AI is 鈥渢rained with underpaid workers from English-speaking former colonies.â鈧�³
How to govern AI is an issue that countries all over the globe are trying to resolve. Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni, who worries that AI could lead to job losses, will make the technology a focus of this year's G-7 summit being hosted by Italy. The European Union became a trailblazer late last year when negotiators secured a deal that paves the way for legal oversight of AI technology.
For his part, Benanti said that regulating artificial intelligence shouldn't mean limiting its development.
鈥淚t means keeping them compatible with that fragile system that is democracy, that today seems to be the best system,鈥� he said.
