SEOUL, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF -- Canada and South Korea penned new deals on supply chains for critical minerals and youth mobility as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau wrapped up talks with the country's president on Wednesday.
The joint effort to increase economic and cultural ties comes as both countries aim to reduce their dependence on China.
"We recognize -- both of us -- that China is an important economic partner, not just in the region but around the world," Trudeau said in Seoul at a joint news conference with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol.
"But we need to be clear-eyed about where we co-operate with China," Trudeau added, noting that Canada co-hosted a United Nations summit on biodiversity with the country in Montreal last year.
"We need to know where we're going to be competing with China on economic grounds and where we need to challenge China on human rights and other issues," he said.
"It's something that we will both be continuing to do in ways that make sense for our own countries and our own situations."
During Trudeau's first official trip to South Korea,his governmentsigned a memorandum of understanding on critical minerals, the clean energy transition and energy security, which he said will mean more investment and trade for Canada.
Ottawa has increasingly focused its attention and resources on shoring up its critical minerals industry, in part to build a more robust supply chain to manufacture goods such as electric-vehicle batteries.
And the increased co-operation with South Korea comes as G7 nations are increasingly discussing the idea of "friendshoring."
Last week, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland met with other G7 finance ministers and said said discussed how to increase co-operation among like-minded countries.
They aim to "differentiate our economies to make our supply chains more resilient, and to create good jobs for people in Canada and around the world," she said during a news conference Friday.
"Specifically, (by) working together to respond to economic coercion by authoritarian regimes."
Both Canada and South Korea have released Indo-Pacific strategies within the past year, which provide road maps for strengthening military and economic relationships in the region to counterbalance the influence of Beijing.
But even as western countries and their allies feel increasingly threatened by China, they appear to remain cautious in their remarks about the country.
China blasted as hypocrisy assertions by the U.S. and other G7 countries that they are safeguarding a "rules-based international order" against "economic coercion" from Beijing and other threats.
China itself is a victim of economic coercion, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said Friday.
"If any country should be criticized for economic coercion, it should be the United States. The U.S. has been overstretching the concept of national security, abusing export controls and taking discriminatory and unfair measures against foreign companies," Wang said in a routine news briefing, according to an official English translation.
While the Liberal government is touting its visit to South Korea as a success, it's currently in a dispute with automaker Stellantis, which has halted construction on an electric-vehicle battery plant in Windsor, Ont. The plant was being constructedin partnership with South Korean battery-maker, LG Energy Solution.
The pause highlights the challenges facing the federal government as they chart a path toward a clean economy by competing with other countries, namely the U.S., on subsidies.
The companies jointly wrote to Trudeau last month after Volkswagen announced it had secured a deal to set up a battery plant in St. Thomas, Ont. That deal had Canada offering a $700-million capital contribution and $8 billion to $13 billion in production subsidies to match what Volkswagen would get in production tax credits under the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act.
The federal government has said it is negotiating with Stellantis, but wants Ontario to contribute a bigger share of the money than the $500 million in capital costs it has put on the table.
Trudeau had little to add when asked about Stellantis in Seoul.
"Canada has been successfully delivering great jobs for the middle class across the country through investments by partners from around the world. We will continue to do that," he said.
The visit also produced a renewed arrangement on youth mobility, which increasesthe annual quota to 12,000 people.
"We welcome thousands of Korean students to our universities every year and now, we want to do even more," said Trudeau, adding the agreement will create new opportunities for youth to work in both countries.
Canada and South Korea also committed to working together to advance human rights in North Korea, where Trudeau said the federal government will continue to support human-rights organizations.
"We continue to deplore the regular military activities, including nuclear missile tests, by North Korea that destabilize not just the region but threatens the security of the entire world," Trudeau said.
He highlighted what Canada is doing to enforce maritime sanctions against North Korea through Operation Neon.
The growing threat of authoritarianism around the world was a theme in Trudeau's address to the South Korean National Assembly earlier Wednesday.
He said "antagonistic countries" are taking advantage of economic interdependence to their own geopolitical advantage.
And the "world is facing a moment of uncertainty," Trudeau added, as countries recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, while economic anxiety and climate change add stress to people's lives.
He argued Canada and South Korea can be partners in addressing climate change, which he said is also a way to safeguard against geopolitical instability and build more resilient economies.
On Thursday, Trudeau is expected to attend a ceremony to open the Kapyong Battle Commemorative Trail before flying to Hiroshima for the G7 Leaders' Summit. The trail is meant to honour Canada's contributions during the Korean War.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published May 17, 2023.
