Cocoa prices are surging so high that even the biggest chocolate makers are struggling to stay profitable. That doesn鈥檛 portend well for your wallet this Valentine鈥檚 Day.
Last Thursday, Hershey Co. said it would cut 5 per cent of its workforce after historic cocoa prices and inflation-weary consumers dampened fourth quarter earnings.
Climate issues in West Africa 鈥 home to more than 60 per cent of global cocoa production 鈥 are damaging crop yields, constraining cocoa supply and causing prices to soar.
Cocoa futures have skyrocketed, doubling in the past year and surging 40 per cent since January; sugar, labor and other factors have also gotten pricier. That means higher prices down the line for consumers, who will shell out more to fill up on their chocolate treats.
鈥淐ocoa is expected to limit earnings growth this year,鈥 Hershey鈥檚 CEO Michele Buck said on a call with analysts Thursday. Hershey鈥檚 product prices rose 6.5 per cent in the fourth quarter; prices for their confectionery chocolate and other candy products in North America rose 9 per cent in 2023.
Other companies are feeling the pinch as well. Li-Lac Chocolates, which calls itself the oldest chocolate shop in Manhattan, told CNN that their raw chocolate prices are up 13 per cent this February compared to a year ago.
But Li-Lac has kept the price of one key set of chocolate products flat: 鈥淲e haven鈥檛 raised prices on Valentine鈥檚 Day products for our customers since 2022,鈥 the company said in an email.
Billy Roberts, senior food and beverage economist at CoBank, said in a report earlier this month that retail chocolate prices are up about 17 per cent over two years and will continue to rise.
鈥淐ocoa prices are hitting chocolate candy manufacturers really hard,鈥 Roberts told CNN. 鈥淎nd it looks like it鈥檚 not necessarily going to subside anytime soon.鈥
Roughly 92 per cent of Americans say they plan to share chocolate and candy for Valentine鈥檚 Day this year, according to the National Confectioners Association. In 2023, Valentine鈥檚 Day chocolate and candy sales exceeded US$4 billion, the NCA says.
Marnie Ives, the chief executive at Kr枚n Chocolatier in Great Neck, NY, said her business is in the thick of the Valentine鈥檚 Day rush.
鈥淥n Valentine鈥檚 Day we expect about 400 to 450 customers in our retail store every day, which is a lot for a small store,鈥 she said.
Yet Ives said rising cocoa prices aren鈥檛 the only concern for her customers this holiday.
鈥淭he cocoa prices eventually trickle down and affect us when we鈥檙e buying things like bulk chocolate,鈥 Ives said. 鈥淏ut at this level where we鈥檙e the last mile of the cocoa beans journey, you know, we have a lot of other things that go into chocolate and confections.鈥
Ives says her company鈥檚 handmade, 4-ounce chocolate bars cost US$4 in 2020, US$4.50 in 2022 and US$5 now. Across the same period, the Consumer Price Index for candy and chewing gum increased 28.3 per cent, outpacing the CPI for all items, which rose 19.4 per cent.
鈥淚t鈥檚 not just chocolate as the inflationary trigger,鈥 she said, noting price increases are also driven by sugar prices, cocoa butter, packaging and labor costs.
Similarly, Karl Schneider, general manager at Holsten鈥檚 Candy Store and Diner in Bloomfield, NJ, said his store has implemented standard price increases to manage costs, and his customers see increases in chocolate prices no different than other prices.
鈥淵ou know, prices never go down, they never go back to the way they were,鈥 he said. 鈥淪o, is it a concern? I mean, yes, but we鈥檙e going to do the best to make it as cost effective for everyone as we can.鈥
Roberts鈥檚 CoBank report detailed that year over year dollar sales for chocolate confections grew 6.4 per cent by December 2023, while volume sales fell 5 per cent.
鈥淚t鈥檚 kind of an indication to a lot of manufacturers throughout the industry, not just in chocolate confections, but all over the industry, there鈥檚 only so much more room that prices can really grow for your average consumer,鈥 Roberts said.
An agricultural worker harvests cocoa pods at a cocoa plantation in the village of Hermankono in November 2023. Unusually heavy rains in Ivory Coast have lowered substantially the production of cocoa expected from farms. (Sia Kambou/AFP/Getty Images)
Growing up in Ghana, Issifu Issaka鈥檚 parents earned money by cocoa farming. Now 31 and married with one child, Issaka has operated an eight-hectare cocoa farm in the Western North Region of Ghana since 2013. He said that the cocoa production in Ghana depends on the climate.
鈥淐urrently because of the climate change conditions, my farm is not producing good,鈥 Issaka said. 鈥淚鈥檓 not seeing good yield from the farm.鈥
Cote d鈥橧voire and Ghana produce more than 60 percent of the world鈥檚 cocoa supply, and climate change concerns there pose risks for cocoa. 鈥淭his past year, drought in West Africa has led to a compression in the volume of cocoa output, and that has significantly increased prices,鈥 said Will Kletter, vice president of operations and strategy at Silicon Valley startup ClimateAi.
According to data from ClimateAi shared with CNN, shifts in climate patterns could result in a loss of about US$529 million in the West African cocoa bean value chain.
Ghana and Cote d鈥橧voire could see up to a 30 per cent loss in output, said Sabi Ibarra Guerrero, ClimateAi鈥檚 agronomist. These losses are expected to be primarily driven by higher temperatures and intense rain early in the growing season, which increases the likelihood of black pod diseases.
The International Cocoa Organization鈥檚 December 2023 market report similarly cited black pod disease and swollen shoot virus as damaging the supply of cocoa crops. 鈥淭his severe rainfall brings fungi,鈥 Issaka said of his own farm. 鈥淎nd this fungi causes the cocoa pod to be black and you need to spray with fungicide.鈥
The low supply has driven prices up. But farmers are unlikely to reap the benefits of higher cocoa prices on the international market, according to Uwe Gneiting, a senior researcher at Oxfam America based in Accra, Ghana.
Gneiting explained that futures prices do not translate directly into the farm gate price, which is the price paid to the cocoa farmers. In Ghana, the government sets the farm gate price, and Gneiting said often differing interests between manufacturers and the government prevent farmers from maximizing their earnings.
Issaka said that while high demand and low supply raise prices, cocoa farmers are getting squeezed.
鈥淭he price for the cocoa is no good for we the farmers, particularly at the producing country level,鈥 Issaka said.
Joke Aerts is the director of credible scaling for Tony鈥檚 Open Chain, an initiative by the Dutch chocolate maker Tony鈥檚 Chocoloney to end exploitation in the cocoa supply chain. Aerts explained that it can take a 鈥測ear or two鈥 for profits from cocoa sales 鈥渢o trickle down to farmers.鈥
鈥淭he price that cocoa farmers receive in Ghana and Cote d鈥橧voire should be a price that enables a living income, and currently the farm gate price for cocoa is way below the level that it needs to be,鈥 Aerts said.
Tony鈥檚 Chocoloney emphasizes the necessity to pay cocoa farmers the Living Income Reference Price 鈥撯痑 price set they developed with Fairtrade that is higher than the farm gate price and aims to calculate the real cost of living for farmers.
According to Tony鈥檚 Chocoloney 2022-23 annual report, cocoa farmers in Ghana and Cote d鈥橧voire currently earn about US$1.42 and US$1.23 per person per day, respectively. That wage needs to be US$1.96 in Ghana and US$2.45 in Cote d鈥橧voire to be livable, according to the LIRP.
鈥淐ocoa farmers are running away from the cocoa sector and are moving to other areas,鈥 Issaka said. 鈥淭he youth are not motivated to go into cocoa farming because when they look at their parents, how they鈥檝e suffered for 40 years, 50 years being a cocoa farmer, they are not interested.鈥
As sales continue, Issaka said he hopes the cocoa farmers can see impactful results from their work.
鈥淭he government should make sure that this rising price will get an impact on the pocket of the cocoa farmer,鈥 Issaka said.
But companies are still banking on Americans鈥 taste for chocolate abiding, especially around major holidays such as Valentine鈥檚 Day, Halloween and Easter.
鈥淭he demand for chocolate is always so strong,鈥 said Ives, the CEO at Kr枚n Chocolatier. 鈥淧eople just are not going to give it up.鈥
Contributing: CNN鈥檚 Eva Rothenberg
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