WASHINGTON -- Americans finally got a raise last year after eight years of stagnating incomes.
The typical U.S. household's income rose 5.2 per cent in 2015 to $56,516, the Census Bureau said Tuesday. Even with the solid gain, that remains below the median household income of $57,423 in 2007 when the Great Recession began. The median is the point where half of households fall below and half are above.
Still, the government's annual report on incomes and poverty portrays an economy that is finally starting to benefit a wider range of Americans, roughly six years after the recovery began. Middle-class incomes had seen little improvement since the recession ended in 2009, even as the unemployment rate fell and hiring picked up.
"It's really a broad, broad increase in median incomes, and one of the largest increases... that we've ever had," said Trudi Renwick, assistant division chief at Census.
Median incomes picked up in all regions of the United States, across all age groups, and for most ethnic and racial groups, she said.
The figures could also impact the presidential campaign. Median household income is now higher than in 2009 when President Obama took office. It took six years to reach that point, a trend that likely has contributed to insurgent candidacies by GOP nominee Donald Trump and Sen. Bernie Sanders, an independent who campaigned for the Democratic nomination.
But it remains 2.4 per cent below the peak it reached in 1999, when it was $57,909.
The proportion of Americans in poverty also fell sharply last year, to 13.5 per cent from nearly 14.8 per cent. That is the largest decline in poverty since 1999. There were 43.1 million people in poverty last year, 3.5 million fewer than in 2014.
The income gains and drop in poverty reflect ongoing gains in the job market, Renwick said. About 2.4 million more Americans found full-time, year-round jobs in 2015.
Americans are also likely benefiting from an increase in middle-income jobs. Many of the jobs created in the early years of the recovery have been in low-paying sectors, such as fast food restaurants and retail.
But according to a report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in 2014 and 2015 the growth of middle-income jobs in sectors such as shipping and construction outpaced the gains in lower-paying and higher-paying work.
The poorest Americans saw the biggest income gain, the Census report found, driven by widespread increases in the minimum wage and increasing competition for low-wage jobs.
Income for the poorest 10 per cent of households jumped 7.9 per cent, while for the wealthiest 10 per cent, incomes rose just 2.9 per cent. That narrowed the gap between the two groups by one of the largest amounts on record.
The Census report also showed that the number of uninsured Americans continued to drop, as people take advantage of President Obama's health care law.
The share of people in the United States uninsured for the entire year was 9.1 per cent, or 29 million people. When compared to 2014, nearly 4 million people gained coverage during the year. The share of the population uninsured in 2014 was 10.4 per cent, or 33 million people.
The report also found that women on average earned 80 per cent of the income of men in 2015, a slight improvement from 79 per cent in the previous year.
