ATLANTA - More older children are being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder while the rate is holding steady for children under 12, according to a U.S. government report released Wednesday.
Some experts called the finding surprising, noting that most childhood diagnoses traditionally occur by age 11.
The study didn't investigate why the increase in one age group was so much higher than the other. It found the percentage of older children diagnosed with ADHD has been rising by four per cent each year.
Some experts say the increase may reflect that doctors are increasingly considering the possibility of ADHD in older kids who have concentration problems - a trend that coincides with the marketing of ADHD medications to teens and adults.
The finding may also reflect the misuse of Ritalin and other ADHD medications in that age group as study aides and recreational stimulants, some experts speculated.
"There are people out there being treated for ADHD that probably don't meet the diagnostic criteria," said Scott Kollins, director of Duke University Medical Center's ADHD Program.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - characterized by impulsiveness, hyperactivity and inability to focus attention - is a behavioural and learning problem that usually appears in children by age seven.
The problem often is identified in school, and most children are diagnosed by age 11. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than 4.4 million U.S. children have been diagnosed with ADHD by medical professionals.
The new study draws its results from an annual survey of 35,000 to 40,000 U.S. households, in which government researchers go door-to-door to conduct interviews. In households with children, parents are asked if a doctor or health professional had ever told them that their child had ADHD or attention deficit disorder (ADD).
The study's findings cover 1997 through 2006.
In each of those years, nearly 50 million children fell into the six-to-17 age range, the study estimates. Roughly four million of them were given an ADHD or ADD diagnosis, the study estimates.
For children ages six through 11, the proportion hovered around seven per cent during those years. But for children 12 through 17, it rose from just under seven per cent to nearly 10 per cent. That increase wasn't seen in previous government estimates, said Patricia Pastor, a CDC health statistician and the study's lead author.
It may reflect a growing understanding that a child - especially an older kid - can have ADHD without being disruptively impulsive or hyperactive, said Jeff Epstein, director of the ADHD centre at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Another factor may be that ADHD is sometimes diagnosed when adolescents are being checked for other conditions, such as depression, said Dr. Mohammad Ghaziuddin, director of the University of Michigan's ADHD and autism program.
Meanwhile, the use of ADHD medications has been increasing. According to the CDC, doctor's visits for children under 15 where methylphenidate - also known as Ritalin - was prescribed or given went from 1.9 million in 1993 to 3.2 million in 2005.
The marketing of newer ADHD drugs like Aderall XR and Strattera to adults and older kids is pushing up use, experts said.
"I think the industry does drive a lot of it," said Kollins of Duke, referring to pharmaceutical marketing.
